Stage 4 gastric cancer is the most advanced stage of stomach cancer. It indicates that the cancer has spread beyond the stomach to other parts of the body. This spread, known as metastasis, can occur through the lymphatic system or bloodstream.
Common Sites of Metastasis:
- Liver
- Lungs
- Lymph nodes
- Peritoneum (the tissue lining the abdominal cavity
Symptoms of Stage 4 Gastric Cancer:
While symptoms can vary, common signs and symptoms of stage 4 gastric cancer may include:
- Persistent abdominal pain or discomfort
- Unexplained weight loss
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea and vomiting
- Feeling full quickly after eating a small amount of food
- Fatigue
- Iron-deficiency anemia (leading to weakness and fatigue)
- Difficulty swallowing
- Vomiting blood or dark, coffee-ground-like material
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes
More About Gastric Cancer
Gastric cancer, also known as stomach cancer, is a type of cancer that originates in the stomach. While it has become less common in many developed countries, it remains a significant health concern globally.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of gastric cancer is unknown, but several factors can increase your risk, including:
- Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection: A bacteria that can cause stomach ulcers
- Diet: High consumption of smoked, salted, or pickled foods
- Anemia: Iron deficiency anemia
- Family history of gastric cancer
- Older age
- Type A blood type
Diagnosis and Treatment
Early detection is key to successful treatment. Diagnostic tests may include:
- Endoscopy
- Biopsy
- Imaging tests (CT scan, MRI, ultrasound)
Treatment options depend on the stage of the cancer and the patient’s overall health. They may include:
- Surgery
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation therapy
- Targeted therapy
- Immunotherapy