Stage 4 Lung Cancer

Stage 4 lung cancer, also known as metastatic lung cancer, is the most advanced stage of lung cancer. It means the cancer has spread from the lungs to other parts of the body. This process is called metastasis.

Common Sites of Metastasis

  • Brain: Can cause headaches, seizures, or neurological problems.
  • Liver: May lead to jaundice, abdominal pain, or loss of appetite.   
  • Bones: Can cause bone pain, fractures, or changes in blood cell counts.   
  • Adrenal glands: May cause fatigue, weight loss, or high blood pressure.   
  • Lymph nodes: Can cause swelling in the neck, armpits, or groin

More About Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is a malignant tumor that starts in the lungs. It’s a leading cause of cancer death worldwide.

Types of Lung Cancer

There are two main types:

  • Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): This is the most common type, accounting for about 80-85% of cases. It includes several subtypes, each with different characteristics and treatment options.
  • Small cell lung cancer (SCLC): This type tends to grow and spread rapidly.
Dr.-Azriel-Hirschfeld-Lung-Cancer-Doctor

Causes

While smoking is the primary cause, other factors can contribute to lung cancer, including:

  • Exposure to secondhand smoke
  • Exposure to harmful substances like asbestos, radon, and certain chemicals
  • Family history

Symptoms

Unfortunately, lung cancer often doesn’t cause symptoms in its early stages. When symptoms do appear, they might include:

  • Persistent cough
  • Chest pain
  • Coughing up blood
  • Shortness of breath
  • Wheezing
  • Hoarseness
  • Loss of appetite
  • Weight loss
  • Fatigue

Diagnosis

Early detection is crucial. Tests may include:

  • Chest X-ray
  • CT scan
  • MRI
  • PET scan
  • Biopsy

Treatment

Treatment options depend on the type of lung cancer, its stage, and the patient’s overall health. They may include:

  • Surgery
  • Chemotherapy
  • Radiation therapy
  • Targeted therapy
  • Immunotherapy